Laser-induced forward transfer
LIFT is a versatile direct-write technique enabling high-resolution printing from a variety of functional materials. Our research focuses on blister-actuated LIFT, where a polymer layer absorbs the laser and deforms plastically to initiate transfer. We investigate the fundamental transfer mechanisms through time-resolved imaging and CFD modeling, and explore potential avenues for optimization.
Featured news and publications
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Deposition-on-contact regime and the effect of donor-acceptor distance during laser-induced forward transfer of viscoelastic liquids
E. Turkoz, A. Perazzo, L. Deike, H. A. Stone and C. B. Arnold, Opt. Mater. Express. (2019) demonstrates the novel deposition-on-contact regime during the laser-induced forward transfer of viscoelastic liquids. Dimensionless parameters comparing the underlying forces are introduced, and a phase diagram is presented to predict the resulting deposition regime.| Full text | View at publisher
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Reduction of transfer threshold energy for laser-induced jetting of liquids using Faraday waves
E. Turkoz, S. Kang, X. Du, L. Deike, and C. B. Arnold, Phys. Rev. Appl. (2019) couples flow focusing to BA-LIFT and uses surface-tension effects to reduce the size of the ejected droplet. This approach is expected to impact the development of deposition techniques that incorporate multiple forms of energy to enhance droplet resolution.| Full text | View at publisher
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Laser-induced forward transfer from healing silver paste films
E. Turkoz, M. Morales, S. Kang, A. Perazzo, H. A. Stone, C. Molpeceres, and C. B. Arnold, Appl. Phys. Lett. (2018) presents the use of the capillary healing phenomenon in viscoelastic liquids to perform LIFT by sending the laser pulse to the same spot multiple times.| Full text | View at publisher
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Subthreshold laser jetting via flow-focusing in laser-induced forward transfer
E. Turkoz, S. Kang, L. Deike, and C. B. Arnold, Phys. Rev. Fluids (2018) presents the effect of flow-focusing to reduce the ejected minimum droplet size and increase the resolution of the blister-actuated laser-induced forward transfer (BA-LIFT).| Full text | View at publisher
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Axisymmetric simulation of viscoelastic filament thinning with the Oldroyd-B model
E. Turkoz, J. M. Lopez-Herrera, J. Eggers, C. B. Arnold and L. Deike, J. Fluid. Mech. (2018) presents an axisymmetric model for multi-phase flows of viscoelastic liquids to analyze the filament thinning problem.| Full text | View at publisher
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Salt type and concentration affect the viscoelasticity of polyelectrolyte solutions
E. Turkoz, A. Perazzo, C. B. Arnold, and H. A. Stone, Appl. Phys. Lett. (2018) studies the change in viscoelasticity of xanthan gum solutions with the added salt using rheology.| Full text | View at publisher
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Impulsively induced jets from viscoelastic films for high-resolution printing
E. Turkoz, A. Perazzo, H. Kim, H.A. Stone, and C.B. Arnold, Phys. Rev. Lett. (2018) introduces an analytical model that accounts for the ink rheology and experimental conditions to predict single drop breakup from viscoelastic filaments for high-resolution printing.| Full text | View at publisher
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Comparison of jets from Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids induced by blister-actuated laser-induced forward transfer (BA-LIFT)
E. Turkoz, L. Deike, and C. B. Arnold, Appl. Phys. A (2017) introduces the differences between Newtonian and non-Newtonian jets induced by rapid mechanical deformation using the BA-LIFT process.| Full text | View at publisher
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Early-time free-surface flow driven by a deforming boundary
C. F. Brasz, C. B. Arnold, H. A. Stone, and J. R. Lister, J. Fluid. Mech. (2015) investigates the early-time flow in a liquid layer driven by an initially flat solid boundary that deforms into a bump, and implications for blister-actuated laser-induced forward transfer are discussed. | Full text | View at publisher
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Tilting of adjacent laser-induced liquid jets
C. F. Brasz, J. H. Yang, and C. B. Arnold, Microfluid. Nanofluid. (2014) uses time-resolved imaging and computational fluid dynamics to reveal a tilting effect in adjacent liquid jets formed using blister-actuated laser-induced forward transfer. A capillary wave excited on the film surface by the first laser pulse explains the tilting of the jet from the second laser pulse, and the effects of time delay and spatial separation between pulses are studied. | Full text | View at publisher
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Dynamics of impulsively actuated jets from thin liquid films
M. S. Brown, C. F. Brasz, Y. Ventikos, and C. B. Arnold, J. Fluid. Mech. (2012) studies the dynamics of fluid ejection in blister-actuated laser-induced forward transfer using computational fluid dynamics. The fluid is forced by a boundary that deforms according to experimental time-resolved images of an expanding blister, and parametric studies reveal the influence of ink density, viscosity, surface tension, film thickness, and blister size on droplet transfer. | Full text | View at publisher
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BA-LIFT blister dynamics finite element analysis
N. T. Kattamis, M. S. Brown, and C. B. Arnold, J. Mater. Res. (2011) uses a finite element model to accurately simulate blister expansion and rupture in blister-actuated laser induced forward transfer systems based on material properties and experimentally measured parameters. | Full text | View at publisher
Innovation Nation features LIFT research
The Arnold Group's latest research on blister-actuated laser-induced forward transfer printing of sensitive printing materials (e.g. OLEDs or micro-batteries) was featured on the Science Channel.
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Time-resolved dynamics of laser-induced micro-jets from thin liquid films
M. S. Brown, N. T. Kattamis, and C. B. Arnold, Microfluid Nanofluid, (2011) studies the dynamics of the high-speed micro-jetting ejection process in LIFT using time-resolved microscopy. Metal and thick polymer laser-absorbing layers as well as beam sized are considered and two distinct ejection mechanisms (gas bubble & blister actuation) are observed. | Full text | View at publisher
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LDW printing of electroluminescent devices
N. T. Kattamis, N. D. McDaniel, S. Bernhard, and C. B. Arnold, Organic Electronics (2011) uses laser direct-write to fabricate patterned electroluminescent devices, achieving high resolution luminophore patterns with diameters down to 10 um.| Full text | View at publisher
Time resolved study of polyimide absorption layers for blister actuated LIFT
M. S. Brown et al., J. Appl. Phys., (2010) uses time-resolved imaging to study the laser-induced formation of blisters on polyimide films to understand their role in blister-actuated LIFT. The influence of polyimide thickness, laser beam diameter, laser fluence, and the presence of donor material on blister formation charactersitics is also studied. | Full text | View at publisher
Laser direct-write printing of sensitive and robust light emitting organic molecules
N. Kattamis et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. (2009) studies the degradation effects of three laser direct-write printing techniques on Alq3 luminophores. It is demonstrated that damage to sensitive printing materials can be eliminated by shielding them from excessive heat and laser illumination with a thick film polyimide layer. | Full text | View at publisher
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All LIFT publications
- M. S. Brown, C. F. Brasz, Y. Ventikos, and C. B. Arnold, "Impulsively actuated jets from thin liquid films for high-resolution printing applications" J. Fluid Mech., doi: 10.1017/jfm.2012.337 | Full text | View at publisher
- N. T. Kattamis, M. S. Brown, and C. B. Arnold, “Finite element analysis of blister formation in laser-induced forward transfer,” J. Mater. Res., 26, 2438-2449 (2011) | Full text | View at publisher
- M. S. Brown, N. T. Kattamis, and C. B. Arnold, “Time-resolved dynamics of laser induced microjets from thin liquid films,” In Press, Microfluid. Nanofluid. (2011) | Full text | View at publisher
- N. T. Kattamis, N. D. McDaniel, S. Bernhard, and C. B. Arnold, “Ambient laser direct-write printing of a patterned organometallic electroluminescent device” Organic Electronics, 12, 1152-1158 (2011) | Full text | View at publisher
- A. Atre and C. B. Arnold, “Texturing of LiCoO2 Through Laser Induced Forward Transfer for Printed Microbatteries”, in Laser-based micro- and nanopackaging and assembly, ed. W. Pfleging, Y. Lu, and K. Washio, International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), 7921, 792122 (2011) | Full text
- M. S. Brown, N. T. Kattamis, and C. B. Arnold, "Time resolved study of polyimide absorption layers for blister actuated laser induced forward transfer," J. Appl. Phys, 107, 083103 (2010) | Full text | View at publisher
- N. Kattamis, N. McDaniel, S. Bernhard, and C. B. Arnold, “Laser direct-write printing of sensitive and robust light emitting organic molecules,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 103306 (2009) | Full text | View at publisher
- N. Kattamis, P. Purnick, R. Weiss, and C. B. Arnold, “Thick-film laser induced forward transfer for deposition of thermally and mechanically delicate materials,” Appl Phys. Lett. 91, 171120 (2007) | Full text
- C. B. Arnold and A. Piqué, “Laser Direct-write Processing,” MRS Bulletin, 32, 9-11 (2007) | Full text
- C. B. Arnold, P. Serra, and A. Piqué, “Laser direct-write of complex materials,” MRS Bulletin, 32, 23-31(2007) | Full text