Solution processed chalcogenides

Featured publications

• Crystalline Nature of Colloids in Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Precursor Inks Revealed by Cryo-Electron Microscopy

  

  N. S. Dutta, N. K. Noel, and C. B. Arnold, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. (2020) employs cryo-electron microscopy to show, for the first time, that colloids in prototypical methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite precursor inks are crystalline. These results demonstrate a novel method to investigate precursor inks and shed new light on perovskite solution processing.

• Effects of disorder on two-photon absorption in amorphous semiconductors

  

  N. S. Dutta, J. M. P. Almeida, C. R. Mendonça, and C. B. Arnold, Optics Letters (2020) characterizes the two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra of solution-processed chalcogenide glass films using femtosecond Z-scan. The paper explains differences in the samples' 2PA coefficients as a consequence of differing levels of atomic bonding disorder in the glass structures. This result is highly general, shedding light on the relationship between disorder and 2PA for any amorphous semiconductor.

• Understanding solution processing of inorganic materials using cryo-EM

  

  N. S. Dutta, P. Shao, K. Gong, C. E. White, N. Yao, and C. B. Arnold, Opt. Mater. Express (2020) demonstrates how cryo-electron microscopy techniques from structural biology can be used to characterize inorganic materials during solution processing. This novel methodology enables the first experimental determination of the in-solution structure of arsenic (III) sulfide chalcogenide glass, answering a decades old question in photonic materials.

• Concentration dependence of As₂S₃ chalcogenide glass cluster size in amine solution

  

  N.S. Dutta, and C.B. Arnold, RSC Adv. (2018) presents a mechanism for cluster size determination in solution-processed chalcogenide glass to enable improved property control in optoelectronic device fabrication.

• Sub-wavelength self-organization of chalcogenide glass by direct laser writing,

  

  J. M. P. Almeida, K. T. Paula, C. B. Arnold, and C. R. Mendonça, Opt. Mat. (2018) demonstrates the self-organization of chalcogenide glasses using direct laser writing with femtosecond pulses.

• Anisotropic crystallization in solution processed chalcogenide thin film by linearly polarized laser

  

  T. Gu, H. Jeong, K. Yang, F. Wu, N. Yao, R.D. Priestley, C.E. White, C.B. Arnold, Appl. Phys. Lett. (2017) studies near-bandgap laser induced anisotropic crystallization in solution processed arsenic sulfide. Analysis of the local atomic structure of these materials using X-ray distribution function analysis highlights fundamental differences between laser and thermal processing in this important class of materials.

• Single-step synthesis of silver sulfide nanocrystals in arsenic trisulfide

  

  J. M. P. Almeida, C. Lu, C. R. Mendonça, and C. B. Arnold, Appl. Phys. Lett. (2015) describes a method of synthesizing robust metamaterials for optoelectronics.

• Fabrication of uniformly dispersed nanoparticle-doped chalcogenide glass

  

  C. Lu, J. M. P. Almeida, N. Yao, and C. B. Arnold, Appl. Phys. Lett. (2014) reports the preparation of a uniformly dispersed Ag-nanoparticle/chalcogenide glass that solves the particle-agglomeration problem, which commonly occurs in traditional thin film processing.

• Generalized model for photoinduced surface structure in amorphous thin films

  

  C. Lu, D. Recht, and C. B. Arnold, Phys. Rev. Lett. (2013) presents a generalized model to explain the spatial and temporal evolution of photoinduced surface structure in photosensitive amorphous thin films, which requires only the polarizability, viscosity and surface tension of the system.

• A review on solution processing of chalcogenide glasses for optical components

  

  Y. Zha, M. Waldmann, and C. B. Arnold, Opt. Mat. Exp. (2013) reviews the fundamental physics and chemistry in the solution process, along with discussing recent examples of applying the solution method to fabricate high-quality optical and photonic components.

• Pore formation and removal in solution-processed amorphous arsenic sulfide films

  

  Y. Zha, S. Fingerman, S. Cantrell, and C. B. Arnold, J. Non. Cryst. Sol (2013) analyzes the pore distribution in solution-processed arsenic sulfide films and successfully removed such pores by modifying the solution.

• Multilayered laminated chalcogenide structures

  

  Y. Zha and C. B. Arnold, Opt. Mat. Exp. (2013) demonstrates a new fabrication method to deposit thick homogeneous/heterogeneous chalcogenide films, with potential application in data storage, IR detection and beam combining. | Full text | View at publisher

• Properties of solution processed Ge₂₃Sb₇S₇₀

  

  M. Waldmann, J. D. Musgraves, K. Richardson, and C. B. Arnold, J. Mater. Chem. (2012) reports on the structural properties of solution-processed Ge₂₃Sb₇S₇₀ glass, a material having many benefits for the fabrication of photonic devices. | Full text | View at publisher

• Chalcogenide glass microlenses fabricated by ink-jet printing

  

  E. Sanchez, M. Waldmann, and C. B. Arnold, Appl. Opt. (2011) fabricates mid-IR microlenses using ink-jet printing, which allows direct deposition of single lenses onto user-defined surfaces in photonic devices. | Full text | View at publisher

• Influence of annealing conditions on the optical and structural properties of spin coated As₂S₃ chalcogenide glass films

  

  S. Song et al., Opt. Exp.(2010) studies the influence of annealing on optical parameters of As₂S₃ films through UV-vis and IR spectroscopy. Index values ranging from n=2.1 to n=2.4 (bulk value) are attained by varying annealing temperature and time. | Full text | View at publisher

• Spin coating of Ge₂₃Sb₇S₇₀ chalcogenide glass thin films

  

  S. Song et al., J. Non. Cryst. Sol. (2009) demonstrates a low-cost spin-coating technique for the deposition of high quality stoichiometric chalcogenide glass films. Amine-based solvent was the best solvent studied for creating such films, allowing low surface roughness (<5 nm) and controlled thickness (100-600 nm). | Full text | View at publisher

• All solution processed chalcogenides publications

  100. C. Lu, D. Recht, and C. B. Arnold, “Generalized model for photoinduced surface structure in amorphous thin films,” Phys. Rev. Lett., 111, 105503 (2013) | Full text | View at publisher
  99. Y. Zha, M. Waldmann, and C. B. Arnold, “A review on solution processing of chalcogenide glasses for optical components,” Opt. Mat. Exp., 3, 1259-1272 (2013) | Full text | View at publisher
  96. Y. Zha, S. Fingerman, S. Cantrell, and C. B. Arnold, “Pore formation and removal in solution-processed amorphous arsenic sulfide films”, J. Non. Cryst. Sol, 369 11-16 (2013). | Full text | View at publisher
  95. Y. Zha and C. B. Arnold, “Solution-processing of Thick Chalcogenide-Chalcogenide and Metal-Chalcogenide Structures by Spin-coating and Multilayer Lamination”, Opt. Mat. Exp., 3 309-317 (2013). | Full text | View at publisher
  87. M. Waldmann, J. D. Musgraves, K. Richardson, and C. B. Arnold, "Structural properties of solution processed Ge₂₃Sb₇S₇₀ glass materials," J. Mater. Chem., 22, 17848-17852 (2012) | Full text | View at publisher
  76. E. Sanchez, M. Waldmann, and C. B. Arnold, “Chalcogenide glass microlenses fabricated by ink-jet printing,” Appl. Opt. 50, 1974-1978 (2011) | Full text | View at publisher
  61. S. Song, J. Dua, and C. B. Arnold, “Influence of annealing conditions on the optical and structural properties of spin coated As₂S₃ chalcogenide glass films,” Opt. Exp. 18, 5472-5480 (2010) | Full text | View at publisher
  57. S. Song, N. Carlie, J. Boudies, L. Petit, K. Richardson, and C. B. Arnold, “Spin coating of Ge₂₃Sb₇S₇₀ chalcogenide glass thin films,” J. Non. Cryst. Sol. 355, 2272-2278 (2009) | Full text | View at publisher
  38. S. Song, S. Howard, Z. Liu, C. Gmachl, and C. B. Arnold, “Mode shifting of quantum cascade laser through optical processing of chalcogenide glass claddings,” Appl. Phys. Lett, 89, 041115 (2006) | Full text
  35. D. L. Recht*, Z. Liu, K. Rahman, C. F. Gmachl, and C. B. Arnold, “Quantum cascade lasers tuned by amorphous As₂S₃ claddings,” in Photon Processing in Microelectronics and Photonics IV, eds. J. Fieret, P. R. Herman, T. Okada, C. B. Arnold, et al., International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), 5713, 293-299 (2005) | Full text