Mechanical properties and electrochemical performance

Featured news and publications

• Deformation during Electrosorption and Insertion-Type Charge Storage: Origins, Characterization, and Design of Materials for High Power

  

  V. Augustyn, R. Wang, N. Balke, and C.B. Arnold, ACS Energy Lett., (2020) reviews deformation characterization techniques and materials design strategies to inspire new fast charging materials with minimal deformation during ion electrosorption or insertion. Such materials are of interest for high-power energy storage as well as emerging applications of electrochemical insertion in neuromorphic computing, water treatment, and recovery of elements. This paper is featured on the cover of ACS Energy Letters. | Full text | View at publisher

• Figures of Merit for Piezoelectrochemical Energy-Harvesting Systems

  

  J. I. Preimsberger, S.Y. Kang, and C.B. Arnold, Joule, (2020) provides a unifying scheme to quantify the performance of different Piezoelectrochemical (PEC) systems, in hopes that these metrics will enable the design of better-quality harvesters. In specific, PEC harvesters are promising low-energy mechanical harvesters which can harvest lower mechanical frequencies at higher theoretical energy densities than other mechanical harvesters. | Full text | View at publisher

• Varying power ggeneration in ultra low-frequency mechanical energy harvesting of piezoelectrochemical materials

  

  S. Kang, J. Preimesberger, and C. B. Arnold, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, (2019) analyzes difference in power generation between different piezoelectrochemical (PEC) systems and experimentally demonstrates the varying energy converting properties between three different types of PEC systems. This paper explores an important parameter space for controlling power generation behavior in ultra-low-frequency mechanical energy harvesting of PEC materials. | Full text | View at publisher

• Size dependence of transport non-uniformities on localized plating in lithium-ion batteries

  

  X. M. Liu, A. Fang, M. P. Haataja, and C.B. Arnold, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, (2018) studies localized plating and heterogeneous transport in lithium-ion batteries. By investigating transport non-uniformities of various geometries and sizes, they show that there exists a critical size below which plating is unlikely to occur. | Full text | View at publisher

• Improving halide-containing magnesium-ion electrolyte performance via sterically hindered alkoxide ligands

  

  C. Nist-Lund, J. Herb, and C. B. Arnold, Journal of Power Sources, (2017) studies the performance of halide-containing magnesium-ion electrolyte for metal anode surfaces. | Full text | View at publisher

• Characterization and model of piezoelectrochemical energy harvesting using lithium-ion batteries

  

  Z. J. Schiffer, and C. B. Arnold, Exp. Mech. (2017) introduces a model to study and predict the effectiveness of intercalation materials as mechanical energy harvesters. | Full text | View at publisher

• A fluorinated dialkoxide-based magnesium-ion electrolyte

  

  J. Herb, C. Nist-Lund, and C. B. Arnold, J. Mater. Chem. A (2017) describes the Grignard-free synthesis of Mg(HFIP)2:AlCl3 - a composition that enables high solution conductivity, Coulombic efficiency, and low overpotentials for Mg plating/stripping. | Full text | View at publisher

• Strain derivatives for practical charge rate characterization of lithium ion electrodes

  

  Z. J. Schiffer, J. Cannarella and C. B. Arnold, J. Electrochem. Soc. (2016) demonstrates a proportionality between strain and voltage in battery materials and shows that strain data can be used to characterize electrode materials at practical charge rates significantly higher than is possible with voltage data. | Full text | View at publisher

• Toward low-frequency mechanical energy harvesting using energy dense piezoelectrochemical materials

  

  J. Cannarella and C. B. Arnold, Adv. Mater. (2015) demonstrates a prototype low frequency piezoelectrochemical energy harvester that uses standard lithium ion batteries. | Full text | View at publisher

• Swelling and softening of lithium-ion battery separators in electrolyte solvents

  

  G. Y. Gor, J. Cannarella, C. Z. Leng, A. Vishnyakov, and C. B. Arnold, J. Power Sources (2015) shows that electrolyte solvents can adversely affect the mechanical properties of polymer components in a battery, which could lead to degradation. These effects are attributed to swelling and can be predicted using interaction parameters. | Full text | View at publisher

• The Effects of defects on localized plating in lithium-ion batteries

  

  J. Cannarella and C. B. Arnold, J. Electrochem. Soc. (2015) investigates how defects in lithium-ion cells can lead to plating (a dangerous failure mechanism) and suggests strategies for mitigating these effects. This could lead to longer lasting cells with higher safety and reliability. | Full text | View at publisher

• A model for battery separators in compression at different strain/charge Rates

  

  G. Y. Gor, J. Cannarella, J. H. Prévost, and C. B. Arnold, J. Electrochem. Soc. (2014) models the in situ mechanical properties of battery separators under compression, which is important for predicting mechanically coupled battery aging mechanisms. | Full text | View at publisher

• Mechanical properties of a battery separator under compression and tension

  

  J. Cannarella, X. Liu, C. Z. Leng, P. D. Sinko, G. Y. Gor, and C. B. Arnold, J. Electrochem. Soc. (2014) measures the in situ mechanical properties of battery separators under compression, which is important for better understanding mechanically-coupled battery aging mechanisms. | Full text | View at publisher

• On the coupling between stress and voltage in lithium-ion pouch cells

  

  J. Cannarella, C. Z. Leng, and C. B. Arnold, Proc. SPIE (2014) investigates the thermodynamic relationship between applied mechanical stress and the open circuit voltage of lithium-ion pouch cells. The results suggest that materials exhibiting intercalation-induced expansion can be used as a new class of force sensors. | Full text | View at publisher

• State of health and charge measurements in lithium-ion batteries using mechanical stress

  

  J. Cannarella and C. B. Arnold, J. Power Sources (2013) demonstrates a novel technique for measuring SOH and SOC of lithium-ion cells using measurements of mechanical stress or expansion. The simplicity and straightforwardness of this method are a significant advantage to the more complex conventional cell monitoring techniques.| Full text | View at publisher

• Stress evolution and capacity fade in constrained lithium-ion pouch cells

  

  J. Cannarella and C. B. Arnold, J. Power Sources (2014) illustrates the coupling between mechanical stresses on full lithium-ion pouch cells and their resulting performance. Specifically, we show that initial stack pressures influence how stress evolves during cycling, and that high stack stresses result in faster capactiy fade. | Full text | View at publisher

• Transport properties of battery separators

  

  J. Cannarella and C. B. Arnold, J. Power Sources (2013) measures the impedance of mechanically deformed separators as a function of mechanical deformation. A relationship between impedance and deformation based on the Bruggeman tortuosity-porosity relationship is derived and verified experimentally. Because mechanical deformation can be used to vary separator porosity this technique is able to measure fundamental Bruggeman parameters. | Full text | View at publisher

• Feature on Li+ battery mechanics research

  

  The Arnold Group's research on stress-induced pore closure in lithium-ion battery separators, was featured in a video on the Princeton School of Engineering and Applied Science homepage.

• The Role of Mechanically-Induced Separator Creep in Lithium-ion Battery Capacity Fade

  

  C. Peabody and C. B. Arnold, J. Pow. Sour. (2011) demonstrates for the first time that separator creep arising from mechanical stresses can cause a significant loss of capacity in lithium-ion batteries over time. Compression testing of commercial Li+ batteries and separator assemblies followed by electrochemical and material characterization shows that creep-induced pore closure in the separator causes a reduction in conductivity, and essentially, a loss in capacity. | Full text | View at publisher

• All Mechanical properties and electrochemical performance publications

  107. J. Cannarella, C. Z. Leng, and C. B. Arnold, "On the coupling between stress and voltage in lithium-ion pouch cells," Proc. SPIE, 9115 (2014) | Full text | View at publisher
  106. J. Cannarella and C. B. Arnold, "State of health and charge measurements in lithium-ion batteries using mechanical stress," J. Power Sources, 269, 7-14 (2014) | Full text | View at publisher
  103. J. Cannarella and C. B. Arnold, "Stress evolution and capacity fade in constrained lithium-ion pouch cells," J. Power Sources, 246, 745-751 (2014) | Full text | View at publisher
  90. J. Cannarella and C. B. Arnold, “Ion transport restriction in mechanically strained separator membranes,” J. Power Sources, 226, 149-155 (2013) | Full text | View at publisher
  78. C. Peabody, and C. B. Arnold, "The Role of Mechanically-Induced Separator Creep in Lithium-ion Battery Capacity Fade”  J. Pow. Sour. (2011), 196, 8147– 8153 (2011) | Full text | View at publisher